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Senin, 30 Juli 2012
Origins and History of Batik Indonesia
Origins and History of Batik Indonesia
Batik
is historically derived from the days of our fathers, known since the
seventeenth century, written and painted on palm leaves. At that time batik motif or pattern is still dominated by the shapes of animals and plants. But
in the history of batik development progressed, the motifs of the
paintings of animals and plants slowly turned to abstract motif that
resembles a cloud, temple reliefs, puppet beber and so on. Furthermore, through the merger with the art style paintings decorating clothing, batik art emerged as we know it today.
The type and style of traditional batik quite so much, but the pattern and its variations in accordance with the philosophy and culture of each region are very diverse. The cultural treasures of this rich Indonesia has led to the birth of various shades and types of batik with a characteristic tradisioanal own specialty.Development of Batik in Indonesia
History of batik in Indonesia related to the development of the Majapahit kingdom and later empire. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done in times of Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Solo and Yogyakarta.Batik art is art image on the cloth for clothing that was one of a family culture of the kings of ancient Indonesia. Batik initially worked in the palace alone are limited and the results for the king's clothing and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in place of each.The process of making batik
In the development of this batik art gradually imitated by the people nearest and further expanded into the work of women in the household to fill leisure time. Furthermore, batik clothes that used only the royal family, became a popular folk clothing, both women and men.
White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun. Coloring materials are being used consists of plants native to Indonesia that is made, among others of: noni tree, tall, Soga, indigo, and the material made from soda ash soda, and salt is made of mud.
So this batik in Indonesia has been known since the time of the Majapahit kingdom and continued to grow until the next kingdom. As for starting the spread of this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all up to the early twentieth century and is known batik new world of unity after the war or about the year 1920. Now, batik has become part of Indonesia's traditional clothing.Batik Pekalongan
Although no official records began to be known when the batik in Pekalongan, but according to estimates already in Pekalongan batik around the year 1800. In fact, according to data recorded at the Ministry, there is a motif that made 1802, like a small tree motif in the form of clothing material.
However, significant development is expected to occur after a major war in the year 1825-1830 in Mataram kingdom which is often referred to war or war Diponegoro Java. With the onset of this battle royal family and urged his followers to leave many areas of the kingdom. They then spread to the East and West. Later in the area - a new area that the family and followers develop batik.
To the east of Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik patterns that have been perfected in Mojokerto and Tulungagung to spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Westward batik being developed in Banyumas, Kebumen, Tegal, Cirebon and Pekalongan. Given this migration, the batik Pekalongan preexisting growing.
Over time, Batik Pekalongan have evolved considerably in comparison with other regions. Batik in this area developed around the coastal areas, namely in the area of the city and county Buaran Pekalongan, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo.
Pekalongan public encounter with the various nations such as China, Dutch, Arabic, Indian, Malay and Japanese in ancient times have been Coloring dynamics in full color motif and the art of batik.
In connection with it some kind of motif influence the results of various countries who came to be known as the identity of Pekalongan batik. Motive, namely batik Jlamprang, inspired from India and Arabia. Then batik Encim and Klengenan, influenced by the Peranakan Chinese. Dutch batik, batik Morning Afternoon, and batik Hokokai, growing rapidly since the Japanese occupation.
Cultural development of printing techniques using a dye motif caps the night (candles) on the cloth which was then called batik, it can not be separated from the influence of those countries. This shows the flexibility of batik context of the times.
Pekalongan batik became highly distinctive because it relies entirely on hundreds of small businesses, rather than on a handful of capital-intensive businesses. Since the past decades up to now, most of Pekalongan batik production process is done in homes. As a result, Pekalongan batik closely integrated with community life Pekalongan is now divided into two administrative regions, namely the District Municipality of Pekalongan and Pekalongan.
Pekalongan batik tidal development, Pekalongan show worthy of being an icon for the development of batik in the archipelago. Icon for art works that never gave up with the times and always dynamic. Now, batik has become a breath of everyday life Pekalongan residents and is one of the flagship product. That is because the number of industries that produce batik. Because it is famous for its batik products, CITIES Pekalongan known as BATIK. The nickname comes from a long tradition rooted in Pekalongan. During that long period, various properties, the variety of uses, type design, and quality of batik is determined by the climate and the presence of fibers of local, historical factors, trade and people's readiness to accept and understand new ideas.
Batik is a work of art and culture are admired the world, among the traditional variety produced by dye technology hurdles, none of which can be present as beautiful and as smooth as Pekalongan batik.
The type and style of traditional batik quite so much, but the pattern and its variations in accordance with the philosophy and culture of each region are very diverse. The cultural treasures of this rich Indonesia has led to the birth of various shades and types of batik with a characteristic tradisioanal own specialty.Development of Batik in Indonesia
History of batik in Indonesia related to the development of the Majapahit kingdom and later empire. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done in times of Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Solo and Yogyakarta.Batik art is art image on the cloth for clothing that was one of a family culture of the kings of ancient Indonesia. Batik initially worked in the palace alone are limited and the results for the king's clothing and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in place of each.The process of making batik
In the development of this batik art gradually imitated by the people nearest and further expanded into the work of women in the household to fill leisure time. Furthermore, batik clothes that used only the royal family, became a popular folk clothing, both women and men.
White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun. Coloring materials are being used consists of plants native to Indonesia that is made, among others of: noni tree, tall, Soga, indigo, and the material made from soda ash soda, and salt is made of mud.
So this batik in Indonesia has been known since the time of the Majapahit kingdom and continued to grow until the next kingdom. As for starting the spread of this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all up to the early twentieth century and is known batik new world of unity after the war or about the year 1920. Now, batik has become part of Indonesia's traditional clothing.Batik Pekalongan
Although no official records began to be known when the batik in Pekalongan, but according to estimates already in Pekalongan batik around the year 1800. In fact, according to data recorded at the Ministry, there is a motif that made 1802, like a small tree motif in the form of clothing material.
However, significant development is expected to occur after a major war in the year 1825-1830 in Mataram kingdom which is often referred to war or war Diponegoro Java. With the onset of this battle royal family and urged his followers to leave many areas of the kingdom. They then spread to the East and West. Later in the area - a new area that the family and followers develop batik.
To the east of Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik patterns that have been perfected in Mojokerto and Tulungagung to spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Westward batik being developed in Banyumas, Kebumen, Tegal, Cirebon and Pekalongan. Given this migration, the batik Pekalongan preexisting growing.
Over time, Batik Pekalongan have evolved considerably in comparison with other regions. Batik in this area developed around the coastal areas, namely in the area of the city and county Buaran Pekalongan, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo.
Pekalongan public encounter with the various nations such as China, Dutch, Arabic, Indian, Malay and Japanese in ancient times have been Coloring dynamics in full color motif and the art of batik.
In connection with it some kind of motif influence the results of various countries who came to be known as the identity of Pekalongan batik. Motive, namely batik Jlamprang, inspired from India and Arabia. Then batik Encim and Klengenan, influenced by the Peranakan Chinese. Dutch batik, batik Morning Afternoon, and batik Hokokai, growing rapidly since the Japanese occupation.
Cultural development of printing techniques using a dye motif caps the night (candles) on the cloth which was then called batik, it can not be separated from the influence of those countries. This shows the flexibility of batik context of the times.
Pekalongan batik became highly distinctive because it relies entirely on hundreds of small businesses, rather than on a handful of capital-intensive businesses. Since the past decades up to now, most of Pekalongan batik production process is done in homes. As a result, Pekalongan batik closely integrated with community life Pekalongan is now divided into two administrative regions, namely the District Municipality of Pekalongan and Pekalongan.
Pekalongan batik tidal development, Pekalongan show worthy of being an icon for the development of batik in the archipelago. Icon for art works that never gave up with the times and always dynamic. Now, batik has become a breath of everyday life Pekalongan residents and is one of the flagship product. That is because the number of industries that produce batik. Because it is famous for its batik products, CITIES Pekalongan known as BATIK. The nickname comes from a long tradition rooted in Pekalongan. During that long period, various properties, the variety of uses, type design, and quality of batik is determined by the climate and the presence of fibers of local, historical factors, trade and people's readiness to accept and understand new ideas.
Batik is a work of art and culture are admired the world, among the traditional variety produced by dye technology hurdles, none of which can be present as beautiful and as smooth as Pekalongan batik.
Macam Macam Batik Indonesia
Macam Macam Batik Indonesia
Corak dan motif batik Indonesia sendiri sangat banyak,
ada yang merupakan motif asli dari nenek moyang bangsa kita dan ada juga
yang merupakan akulturasi dengan bangsa lain.
Di bawah ini merupakan macam-macam batik yang terdapat di Indonesia:
1. Batik Kraton
Batik Kraton awal mula dari semua jenis batik yang berkembang di Indonesia. Motifnya mengandung makna filosofi hidup.
Batik-batik ini dibuat oleh para putri kraton dan juga pembatik-pembatik ahli yang hidup di lingkungan kraton.
Pada dasarnya motifnya terlarang untuk digunakan oleh orang “biasa” seperti motif Parang Barong, Parang Rusak termasuk Udan Liris, dan beberapa motif lainnya.
2. Batik Sudagaran
Motif larangan dari kalangan keraton merangsang seniman dari kaum saudagar untuk menciptakan motif baru yang sesuai selera masyarakat saudagar.
Mereka juga mengubah motif larangan sehingga motif tersebut dapat dipakai masyarakat umum. Desain batik Sudagaran umumnya terkesan “berani” dalam pemilihan bentuk, stilisasi atas benda-benda alam atau satwa, maupun kombinasi warna yang didominasi warna soga dan biru tua.
Batik Sudagaran menyajikan kualitas dalam proses pengerjaan serta kerumitan dalam menyajikan ragam hias yang baru. Pencipta batik Sudagaran mengubah batik keraton dengan isen-isen yang rumit dan mengisinya dengan cecek (bintik) sehingga tercipta batik yang amat indah.
3. Batik Petani
Batik yang dibuat sebagai selingan kegiatan ibu rumah tangga di rumah di kala tidak pergi ke sawah atau saat waktu senggang. Biasanya batik ini kasar dan kagok serta tidak halus.
Motifnya turun temurun sesuai daerah masing-masing dan batik ini dikerjakan secara tidak profesional karena hanya sebagai sambilan. Untuk pewarnaan pun diikutkan ke saudagar.
4. Batik Belanda
Warga keturunan Belanda banyak yang tertarik dengan batik Indonesia. Mereka membuat motif sendiri yang disukai bangsa Eropa.
Motifnya berupa bunga-bunga Eropa, seperti tulip dan motif tokoh-tokoh cerita dongeng terkenal di sana.
5. Batik Jawa Hokokai
Pada masa penjajahan Jepang di pesisir Utara Jawa lahir ragam batik tulis yang disebut batik Hokokai. Motif dominan adalah bunga seperti bunga sakura dan krisan.
Hampir semua batik Jawa Hokokai memakai latar belakang (isen-isen) yang sangat detail seperti motif parang dan kawung di bagian tengah dan tepiannya masih diisi lagi, misalnya motif bunga padi.
Contoh Batik Tiap Daerah Di Indonesia :
1. Batik Yogyakarta
2. Batik Solo
3. Batik Banyumas
4. Batik Purwokerto
5. Batik Pekalongan
6. Batik Cirebon
Kota Cirebon dikenal dengan kerajinan batik tulisnya dengan salah satu motif yang paling dikenal adalah motif mega mendung. kain batik tulis ini sangat cocok digunakan sebagai suvernir maupun di pakai secara langsung sebagai busana .
7. Batik Betawi
8. Batik Madura
9. Batik Kalimantan
Sebenernya ini bukan batik tapi coraknya bisa dibilang mirip batik lah. Di Kalimantan ga ada batik, namanya Kain Sasirangan (Prosesnya Penyelupan kain ke campuran warna)
Jelas itu tidak sama sekali dengan Batik yang notabene di canting yang terisi oleh lilin .
10. Batik Papua
11. Batik Padang
12. Batik Aceh
13. Batik Bengkulu
14. Batik Bali
15. Batik lampung
16. Batik Toraja
17. Batik Palembang
18. Batik Jambi
19. Batik Indramayu
20. Batik Bojonegoro
Sejak lama Bojonegoro sangat kaya dengan motif batik. Beberapa motif di antaranya siap dipatenkan.
Motif batik asli Bojonegoro, mengambil tema dari budaya lokal yang cukup arif dan potensi Bojonegoro yang cukup terkenal.
Di antaranya motif Mliwis Putih, Sapi, Jagung, Kahyangan Api, Tembakau, Minyak, Wayang Tengul, Padi dan motif batik Jati. Hingga saat ini pasar produksi batik tersebut kini telah sampai di Singapura.
21. Batik Purbalingga
Sekilas memang mirip batik dari Banyumas, karena Purbalingga memang pernah saru karisidenan dengan Banyumas.
Buat yang ngga tahu di mana itu Purbalingga, Purbalingga terletak di provinsi Jawa Tengah.
Diebelah selatan dan barat berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Banyumas (Purwokerto).
Sebelah timur dengan Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan sebelah utara dengan Kabupaten Pemalang.
22. Batik Garut
23. Batik Tegal
Di bawah ini merupakan macam-macam batik yang terdapat di Indonesia:
1. Batik Kraton
Batik Kraton awal mula dari semua jenis batik yang berkembang di Indonesia. Motifnya mengandung makna filosofi hidup.
Batik-batik ini dibuat oleh para putri kraton dan juga pembatik-pembatik ahli yang hidup di lingkungan kraton.
Pada dasarnya motifnya terlarang untuk digunakan oleh orang “biasa” seperti motif Parang Barong, Parang Rusak termasuk Udan Liris, dan beberapa motif lainnya.
2. Batik Sudagaran
Motif larangan dari kalangan keraton merangsang seniman dari kaum saudagar untuk menciptakan motif baru yang sesuai selera masyarakat saudagar.
Mereka juga mengubah motif larangan sehingga motif tersebut dapat dipakai masyarakat umum. Desain batik Sudagaran umumnya terkesan “berani” dalam pemilihan bentuk, stilisasi atas benda-benda alam atau satwa, maupun kombinasi warna yang didominasi warna soga dan biru tua.
Batik Sudagaran menyajikan kualitas dalam proses pengerjaan serta kerumitan dalam menyajikan ragam hias yang baru. Pencipta batik Sudagaran mengubah batik keraton dengan isen-isen yang rumit dan mengisinya dengan cecek (bintik) sehingga tercipta batik yang amat indah.
3. Batik Petani
Batik yang dibuat sebagai selingan kegiatan ibu rumah tangga di rumah di kala tidak pergi ke sawah atau saat waktu senggang. Biasanya batik ini kasar dan kagok serta tidak halus.
Motifnya turun temurun sesuai daerah masing-masing dan batik ini dikerjakan secara tidak profesional karena hanya sebagai sambilan. Untuk pewarnaan pun diikutkan ke saudagar.
4. Batik Belanda
Warga keturunan Belanda banyak yang tertarik dengan batik Indonesia. Mereka membuat motif sendiri yang disukai bangsa Eropa.
Motifnya berupa bunga-bunga Eropa, seperti tulip dan motif tokoh-tokoh cerita dongeng terkenal di sana.
5. Batik Jawa Hokokai
Pada masa penjajahan Jepang di pesisir Utara Jawa lahir ragam batik tulis yang disebut batik Hokokai. Motif dominan adalah bunga seperti bunga sakura dan krisan.
Hampir semua batik Jawa Hokokai memakai latar belakang (isen-isen) yang sangat detail seperti motif parang dan kawung di bagian tengah dan tepiannya masih diisi lagi, misalnya motif bunga padi.
Contoh Batik Tiap Daerah Di Indonesia :
1. Batik Yogyakarta
2. Batik Solo
3. Batik Banyumas
4. Batik Purwokerto
5. Batik Pekalongan
6. Batik Cirebon
Kota Cirebon dikenal dengan kerajinan batik tulisnya dengan salah satu motif yang paling dikenal adalah motif mega mendung. kain batik tulis ini sangat cocok digunakan sebagai suvernir maupun di pakai secara langsung sebagai busana .
7. Batik Betawi
8. Batik Madura
9. Batik Kalimantan
Sebenernya ini bukan batik tapi coraknya bisa dibilang mirip batik lah. Di Kalimantan ga ada batik, namanya Kain Sasirangan (Prosesnya Penyelupan kain ke campuran warna)
Jelas itu tidak sama sekali dengan Batik yang notabene di canting yang terisi oleh lilin .
10. Batik Papua
11. Batik Padang
12. Batik Aceh
13. Batik Bengkulu
14. Batik Bali
15. Batik lampung
16. Batik Toraja
17. Batik Palembang
18. Batik Jambi
19. Batik Indramayu
20. Batik Bojonegoro
Sejak lama Bojonegoro sangat kaya dengan motif batik. Beberapa motif di antaranya siap dipatenkan.
Motif batik asli Bojonegoro, mengambil tema dari budaya lokal yang cukup arif dan potensi Bojonegoro yang cukup terkenal.
Di antaranya motif Mliwis Putih, Sapi, Jagung, Kahyangan Api, Tembakau, Minyak, Wayang Tengul, Padi dan motif batik Jati. Hingga saat ini pasar produksi batik tersebut kini telah sampai di Singapura.
21. Batik Purbalingga
Sekilas memang mirip batik dari Banyumas, karena Purbalingga memang pernah saru karisidenan dengan Banyumas.
Buat yang ngga tahu di mana itu Purbalingga, Purbalingga terletak di provinsi Jawa Tengah.
Diebelah selatan dan barat berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Banyumas (Purwokerto).
Sebelah timur dengan Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan sebelah utara dengan Kabupaten Pemalang.
22. Batik Garut
23. Batik Tegal
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